On Immigration Issue: Hilary Clinton and Barack Obama Essay

Sleeping enclosure Obama and Hilary Clinton had both express their arrangements about the reconstruction of the movement framework in the nation. At present, America’s populace is expanding quick. In any case, there are a few who are not recorded as legitimate vagrants of the nation. As indicated by the site of Ohama, the quantity of undocumented workers had expanded for in excess of 40 percent since the year 2000. This shows there is an inexact of 500,000 individuals who lives unlawfully or who exceeds in the nation consistently. Migration strikes are ineffectual in light of the fact that a gauge of 3,600 arressts were made in the year 2006. This solitary shows that the proportion against the quantity of found illicit migrants versus the absolute number of unlawful workers doesn't reach 1%. (barrackobama.com, 2008) Barrack Obama had moved toward make making sure about outskirts for the nation. He had expressed in his arrangements that he is exceptionally ready to back-up the trustworthiness of the fringes. He would execute this through giving extra individuals, foundation and innovation required on the fringes and purposes of section of the nation. Obama needs the framework to work in an ongoing way with the goal that the outsiders who had been audited as unlawful would be handily ousted to their nation of cause. Equivalent to Obama, Hilary Clinton needs to realize who is in the nation through the security of the country’s outskirt. She additionally concurs in having another innovation that would help stop the progression of unlawful settlers in the nation. Both Obama and Clinton had brought up the security of the outskirt. Be that as it may, Obama’s plan had been progressively explicit regarding what moves should the administration make so as to make sure about the outskirts. Clinton had expressed the security of the outskirts however she didn't determine what specific part of security must be never really fringe. Hilary Clinton had referenced in her arrangements that the businesses must keep the law against utilizing and abusing illicit workers. Clinton had suggested that another innovation to help stop the progression of undocumented settlers in the nation and a business confirmation framework that is widespread, precise and opportune. Military enclosure Obama then again would evacuate motivations for migrants to enter the nation unlawfully. This would be finished by pinpointing the businesses who enlist undocumented settlers. Endless supply of these businesses, comparing discipline would be done to these businesses who had been found to recruit illicit settlers. Taking a gander at the plans of both Presidential up-and-comer, Hilary Clinton’s proposal on the execution of an innovation for unlawful work is a decent measure to decide consequently who are the illicit migrants. Sleeping shelter Obama’s plan focused on the businesses and the relating discipline that would be given to such. The contrast between these plans is that Hilary needs to decide the illicit outsiders and the businesses while Barrack needs to know the businesses just and not the unlawful workers of the nation. Among the laws and guidelines that the two applicants needed to organize it is the group of the unlawful foreigner and the illicit settler. Hillary intends to fix the movement framework. She had expressed that the present movement framework on occasion is the motivation behind why families are harmed and compelled to be separated in view of the present laws. Accordingly, Hillary Clinton had noticed a national enthusiasm for the families. She had presented a change during the thought of the migration change charge that would secure the family. Obama’s plan is to fix the migration administration and increment the quantity of permitted lawful settlers to be with their families and satisfy need for occupations that businesses can't fill. Obama had noted in his arrangements bringing out unlawful workers out by giving a framework that would permit illicit settlers to increase legitimate status if the outsider is in a decent remaining to pay a fine, gain proficiency with the English Language, and well behaved so as to become residents of the state. He had additionally remembered for his arrangements to assist citizenship to the military soldiers who are outsiders and serves America. This populace is around 5% of the all out US troops populace. Hilary Clinton couldn't observe this things on her arrangements in movement. Be that as it may, she had noted realities on the effect of movement arrangements on the laborers. She would observe the specialist programs that misuse laborers and makes modest work that sabotages the wages of the U.S. laborers. The privilege of a specialist to work in safe conditions with average wages had been noted in her arrangements. Clinton would bolster Ag Jobs programs. This program is tied in with keeping agrarian industry enthusiastic and empower horticultural specialists reasonable wages and work securities that they need. As an end, the two applicants have noticed a few significant issues that should be handled with respect to Immigration. Both had established that the undocumented workers must be known. The enormous number of unlawful foreigners in America is disturbing that is the reason, them two had made plans promptly so as to contain the issue. Hilary Clinton had tended to the issue of outskirt security, illicit outsider work, worker family decision and modest work abuse. Sleeping shelter Obama then again had tended to fringe security, illicit settler work, privileged of the foreigner soldiers and changing over unlawful migrants into residents. In view of the introduced plans, Obama’s show more subtleties and furthermore looks on the reasonable side of the issue. Explicit arrangements are indicated in his arrangements and this has made his arrangement increasingly sensible. Works Cited: Obama 2008. â€Å"Immigration†. 2008. Obama for America. 28 March 2008. On the web: <http://www.barackobama.com/issues/movement/> Hillary Clinton for President Committee. â€Å"Reforming Our Immigration System†. 2008. Hillary for President 2008. 28 March 2008. On the web: < http://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/movement/>

How to Use Italian Reflexive Pronouns

Instructions to Use Italian Reflexive Pronouns On the off chance that you need to utilize reflexive action words in Italian, at that point you must be acquainted with reflexive pronouns, as well. Reflexive pronouns (I pronomi riflessivi) mi, ti, si, ci, vi, and si look simply like direct article pronouns, aside from the third-individual structure si (which is the equivalent in the solitary and in the plural). In a reflexive sentence, the activity of the action word alludes back to the subject. Models: I wash myself. - Mi lavo.They have a ball. - Si divertono. In reflexive sentences, Italian action words, similar to English action words, are conjugated with reflexive pronouns. Reflexive pronouns (I pronomi riflessivi) are indistinguishable in structure to coordinate article pronouns, aside from the third individual structure si (the third individual particular and plural structure).  The accompanying table remembers the reflexive pronouns for Italian. Italian Reflexive Pronouns Particular PLURAL mi myself ci ourselves ti yourself vi yourselves si himself, herself, itself, yourself (formal) si themselves, yourselves (formal) Much the same as immediate item pronouns, reflexive pronouns are put before a conjugated action word or connected to the infinitive. On the off chance that the infinitive is gone before by a type of dovere, potere, or volere, the reflexive pronoun is either appended to the infinitive (which drops its last â€e) or put before the conjugated action word. Note that the reflexive pronoun concurs with the subject in any event, when connected to the infinitive: Mi alzo. - Im getting up.Voglio alzarmi./Mi voglio alzare. - I need to get up. The pronouns Mi, ti, si, and vi may drop the I before another vowel or a h and supplant it with a punctuation. Ci may drop the I just before another I or an e: Voi varrabbiate facilmente. - You blow up easily.I ragazzi salzano alle sette. - The young men woke up at seven oclock.A casa, mannoio. - At home, I get exhausted. To perceive how reflexive pronouns work with reflexive action words, see an example conjugation of lavarsi (to wash oneself) in the table underneath. Lavarsi - To wash oneself Mi lavo ci laviamo ti lavi vi lavate si magma si lavano Italian Workbook Exercises Questions | AnswersReflexive PronounsA. Complete the accompanying with the suitable present demonstrative reflexive types of the showed action words. Io ________ Enzo. chiamarsiQuelle ragazze ________ alle otto. alzarsiLoro ________ vicino alla porta. sedersiDaniele ________ lentamente. vestirsiNoi ________ facilmente. addormentarsiIo non ________ mai. arrabbiarsiVoi ________ sempre. lamentarsiFrancesco ________ di Teresa. innamorarsi Questions | AnswersB. Complete the sentences with one of the action words given below.chiamarsi, diplomarsi, fermarsi, laurearsi, sentirsi, specializzarsi, sposarsi Io ________ Valentina. Tu come ________?Andate dal dottore quando non ________ bene?Maria frequenta luniversit. Vuole prima ________ in medicina, e pio ________ in cardiologia.Gli studenti italiani ________ alla fine del liceo. Poi vanno alluniversit.Ugo e Vittoria ________ se trovano una casa. Italian Language Study Resources: Italian Language LessonsItalian Audio PhrasebookItalian Language Audio Lab Related Articles: Understanding the Italian Present Conditional TenseGive Me a Hug! Understanding Italian Reciprocal Reflexive VerbsItalian Reflexive VerbsHow To Use Reflexive Pronouns in Spanish

Doctor of Ministry Essay Samples

Doctor of Ministry Essay SamplesThere are many different samples available in the Christian literature to help individuals write a doctor of ministry essay. Some of these doctor of ministry essay samples will vary on the student's personality. An individual may be more open to new ideas and philosophies, while another may be more structured and conscious of detail. It is also important to understand that an essay that has one opinion or viewpoint may not necessarily be accurate or represent a true student.For example, a teacher may want to have a part of the essay about the leadership of a particular leader, such as the pastor, or about a particular event that was significant to the leader, such as the death of the leader. When writing an essay, one must realize that these types of scenarios should be presented from the point of view of the student, not the viewpoint of the author. When this occurs, the student has the opportunity to provide a different side of the situation or issue , which increases the interest level of the reader.In order to find the best doctor of ministry essay samples, it is important to remember the topic is for students and not for teachers. The student must be able to understand the objective of the paper and be able to construct the essay in a way that will help them to present their viewpoints. They must be able to bring in the reader to their story. If there is no passion involved with the writing, then there is no chance of writing a quality essay.Doctor of ministry essay samples can come in different forms. They can be church bulletin type papers or homilies. It is important to know that these types of papers should have a more structured style of writing. This will enable the student to reach out to the reader and create a better experience.Doctor of ministry essay samples may also include some of the other types of documents, such as church magazines, which often contain information and opinions of the Christian community. The w riter should be able to apply his or her message effectively and in a non-confrontational manner. Any arguments that are thrown around should be well researched, and the author should also use modern terms when applicable.A sample essay can also come in the form of a sermon, which was written by Cormac Haughton. This author has written several acclaimed books that have won many awards. For his doctor of ministry essay, a student can follow his lead and follow the steps that Cormac used to create his writing.Doctor of ministry essay samples can come in many formats, such as lecture notes or storyboards. The essay should allow the writer to connect the events that took place in the paper directly to the purpose of the lesson. When this happens, the student can focus on the story and structure it to make it interesting to the reader.Doctor of ministry essay samples can be found in many places. The writer should remember that he or she should be able to use a format that allows him or h er to take a step back and think outside of the box. By taking the time to write in this type of format, a student can become a better writer.

Adult Learning Theory Andragogy Essay - 1408 Words

Adult Learning Theory: Andragogy The dispute of how adults learn is an ever developing subject matter since the 1920’s when adult learning became a professional field of practice (Merriam, S., 2001). Questions such as, do adults learn differently from children? Are adults able to learn quicker, independently, or in the same environment? These are just some examples of a multitude of questions that have been raised since scientists began investigating Adult Learning. I intend to clarify some of the misconceptions of adult learning through proven scientific research and writings of experts in the field. First, we will summarize the evolution of the concept of Adult Learning. Second, we will examine several recognized Adult Learning†¦show more content†¦Studies conducted indicated that adults up to their 70’s did just as good as young people when not placed on a time limit. Several more studies through the years contributed to the adult learning arena then in 1968, Dr. Malcolm Knowles coin ed the term Andragogy- adult learning theory. Dr. Knowles believed that adults were independent learners; had life experiences that enhance learning, had learning needs related to social needs, were interested in immediate application of knowledge, and is internally motivated (Merriam, S., 2001). There are several other theories on adult learning that are along the same lines as Dr. Knowles and others not parallel in thought. According to Conlan, J., Grabowski, S., Smith, K. (2003) there are many theories on adult learning but the following were the most prominent theories: action learning, experimental learning, project based learning, and self-directed learning. Action learning’s foundation is utilizing real world projects as a means of learning usually in a group setting. Experimental Learning operates on the premise that people learn better by doing the action and reflect on their experience. Project Based Learning focuses on the group dynamics and solving complex problems. The group learns through research, contemplation and reflection are the building blocks of this particular theory. Self-Directed Learning is probably the most publicized theory andShow MoreRelatedAndragogy: Adult Learning Theory1315 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Subtopic: The History and Conceptualization of Andragogy Edward Lindeman is thought by many to be the founder of contemporary adult education. His work in the area of adult education included the writing of articles, books, public presentations, assistance in the collegiate system as a lecturer of social work and as an associate pastor in the church (Brookfield 1986). Lindeman and Martha Anderson traveled to observe and analyze the German Folk High School system and the worker’s movement. ConsequentlyRead MoreAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages When discussing the adult learning theory, andragogy is the best model for higher learning in adult education. Andragogy comes from the Greek word aner which means man and agogus which means leading (Knowles, 1980). The full translation means learning of adults. Andragogy was first used in the 1800s by a German teacher named Alex Kapp (Wang, 2011). It would not be until the late 1960s that a professor by the name of Malcolm S. Knowles would introduce andragogy to North America in a publishedRead MoreMalcolm Knowless Andragogy Theory1122 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Adult learning is the complete range of formal, non-formal and informal learning activities majorly undertaken by adult learners. Mainly, the process is often done to adults who have taken a break for a while after initially completing early education and training. The end process is the acquisition of knowledge and skills. The method may take place even beyond schooling from the tertiary level. The process is often diverse, and it makes a lifelong learning process, and the wholeRead MoreAndragogy: The Cornerstone of Adult Education Essay743 Words   |  3 Pagesconcentrating on the subject of Andragogy and how it has always been a cornerstone of adult education. Andragogy in a sense leads you down the path promoting individualism in learning and in turn allows the availability for each adult to find their own specific learning style. As we all know, each individual will not learn the exact same as another. In the following essay we will explore all there is to know of Andragogy. The long standing debate of Andragogy is if adults and children learn differentlyRead MoreAdult Learning Theory - Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Learning Theory Are people too stubborn and independent to learn once they become adults? The Adult Learning Theory focuses on the difference between how adults learn and how children learn. There are three main central ideas that support the Adult Learning Theory. These ideas or theories are known as andragogy, self-directed learning, and transformational learning. Andragogy is the teaching of adults, self-directed learning is the individual controlling their learning, and transformationalRead MoreLearning Theories : Knowles Versus Kolb Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pages Learning Theories: Knowles versus Kolb Sara L. Olson-Howard Ohio Christian University September 10, 2016 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that there are different theories based on how an individual learns. These theories are based on individuality rather than a group as a whole. I will compare and contrast the different learning theories as previously determined by educators Malcom S. Knowles which used Andragogy and Pedagogy compared to David Kolb whichRead MoreDifferent Models And Theories Associated With Adult Learning1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels and theories associated with adult learning. Through my research it seems that andragogy is the first thing educators think of when adult learning process is mentioned. Malcolm Knowles says, Andragogy is â€Å"the art and science of helping others learn (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007).†Andragogy are learning strategies focused on adults. It is often interpreted as the process of engaging adult learners with the structure of the learning experience (Clardy, 2005). Andragogy is an assumptionRead MoreBriefing Report on Andragogy1284 Words   |  5 PagesBriefing Report on Andragogy What is meant by andragogy? The current business environment is continuously changing and it is vital that Google provides their workforce with effective training and development to ensure that the corporation retains the market position and stay ahead of competitors. However, to propose a suitable training method within an adult workplace, it is important to understand the variety of training models that can be applied, which sets of hypothesis and theories that form theRead MoreThe Theories And Principles Of Adult Learning978 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Learning Investigating and understanding the theories and principles underpinning adult learning has helped me to advance my thinking about this phenomena. For instance, Piaget’s work involving the â€Å"formal operational† stage, according to Bass (2012) has allowed for the assumption that adults learn in a fixed manner developed in their late teen years and that they remain unchanged from this stage (p. 387). It was assumed that adults, then spent the rest of their lives in that stage. HoweverRead MoreAndragogy Theory Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Learning is a continuous process by self-assessment to evaluate own experiences and knowledge (Schon, 1983). Learning must include the three domains like cognitive, affective and psychomotor to involve a process of individual transformation. So, the learners can actively build their knowledge (Biggs and Moore, 1993). The adult learning theory is very important for adults as they learn by different teaching styles and learning methods. (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). The

My Hero Is My Family - 784 Words

My hero in a family of many I believe that heroes exist in everyones life. Heroes are people who are willing to risk their life without considering or even acknowledging there is a reward, whether it be a physical or mental one. Heroes are lifesavers who are in the right place at the right time to help a person who is in need. I know heroes are in my life because Ive been saved time and time again by my hero. My hero is someone that has always been there for me in my time of need to help me through tough times. My hero is my mother. My family has always been there for me through tough times when I need them. My mom doesn’t always give me all the answers but she puts me down the right path. While, my mom isnt my whole family or my only†¦show more content†¦That’s one reason my mom is my hero. Another story I can think of when my mom was a hero for me was back in 10th grade when I got one of my worst injury years possible. The first one I had to go through was super early in the year. It w as during my first junior varsity game of the season, and we were facing the spuds, or as everyone calls them the mashed potatoes. We were five minutes into the game and I hurt my ankle. When I went to the trainer, after being helped off the field, the trainer told me he thought I had broken my ankle, during this my mom was right there helping comfort me. We went to the doctor after the game had finished and after a long couple hours they had told me it was only a bad ankle sprain. After doing rehab for what seems like forever I had finally got cleared to return to playing after 4-5 weeks. Once the football season was over and wrestling I had started lifting to try to get back to pre-injury form and get better. During one of our max out days I had one-hundred and eighty-five pounds I had attempted to do it , when I did my elbow landed on my knee and I thought I broke my wrist. During this it was my mom that was there to bring me to the doctor and help me get through another big inju ry. In my eyes heroes do exist they can be anyone that does something for the benefits for others. My mom , for example, is always been there for me to help get me through my injuries as moral support, and my mom is just oneShow MoreRelatedMy Family, My Little Brother, My Hero Essay574 Words   |  3 PagesEver thought about what a hero stands for or who heroes are? I have. I was challenged a week ago to come up with my hero for an English paper. After countless, antagonizing hours pondering the true meaning of this topic, I know what the word hero stands for. A hero is a person you look up to, someone who is honorable, benevolent, and hardworking. This person will battle evil everyday. This evil may be causing the world to end, or just the world as he knows it. I know a person who personifies allRead MoreThe Hero in My Life940 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone a hero? Is it their ability to put others first? Is it their bravery? I believe a hero to me is someone who goes above and beyond or isn’t satisfied with being average. A hero is someone who puts their own life at risk in order to save someone else. A hero is also someone who knows what matters in life and doesn’t let that slip through their fingers. A hero is someone who is determined to do the right thing and make sure others are doing the right thing. The hero in my life is my dad. He’sRead MoreMy Father : A Hero Is A Hero1002 Words   |  5 Pages Heroes; something we all aspire to be, but easily recognize in others. Wait, how do we define what makes a hero, a hero? A hero is one who is kind, courageous, smart, determined and selfless. They often do what is better for the greater good and not themselves. This is seen in both Greek and Modern heroes, whether it is cutting off Medusa’s head or defeating the Riddler, they show these qualities in one way or another. We also see these qualities in parents, true everyday heroes. While they mayRead MoreMy Hero Is A Hero707 Words   |   3 PagesWhat Makes My Hero a Hero The word â€Å"hero† is a small word with a big meaning. A hero is someone who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Depending on who your hero is, and what they do, show different characteristics. In numerous ways, my Uncle Clint is my personal hero. In my eyes, his characteristics are: courage, bravery, and selflessness. He is brave because he sacrificed his life to fight for our country. He rejoined the military when he did notRead MoreA Hero Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages                                                               Hero         A hero is defined as many things. While many people consider heroes to be larger than life figured, Christopher Reeves says that, A hero is an ordinary person, who preserves, and endures despite overwhelming challenges. This quote analyzes an unconventional definition of a hero from Christopher Reeves point of view. What truly makes a hero is the courage to say that, it is not one, which is the hero it is someone else. Someone else that foughtRead MoreA Hero As A Hero767 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout my life there have been many different people who have influenced me to do the precise thing and have made a tremendous impact on my life and where I am at today. A hero can be interpreted in a variety of unalike ways and by a various amount of people, but the single and most important person who I consider to be a hero to myself would be my grandfather, Theodore Brown. My grandfather was not only a hero to me, but an inspiration. To start, my grandfather taught me to be brave and toRead MoreHero Essay : What Makes A Hero A Hero?832 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Makes a Hero a Hero? As I have recently sat down with my grandmother, Mary, I asked her questions about a hero and herself being a hero. My grandmother has such an impact on me in daily life along with being a personal hero to me. She is such an inspiration to me in so many ways that I could never think of taking for granted. I chose my grandmother as my hero because of obstacles I have faced, she was the one to show me the love and support I was in need of at the time. Mary shows theRead MoreThe Hero Of Christopher Reeve1096 Words   |  5 Pages Christopher Reeve once said, â€Å"a hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles† (Google). Now, you’re probably thinking who is he; didn’t he die back in the 2000’s? Yes, he did die in 2004 but he is still best known for his comic book Superman but I’m getting off subject. Let’s talk about this quote and why I chose my mom to be my superhero. A hero, in Christopher Reeve’s words, is any kind of individual who finds strength andRead MoreMy Mom Shehnaz Soni Is An Everyday Hero946 Words   |  4 Pagessuperman, but a hero can be anyone. A hero can be an average person doing something good like picking up someone’s wallet when you have dropped it. Another example would be someone who fights crime and fights fire. These everyday unsung heroes generally do these things because they have good intentions, even if it is for little reward or fame. I have a close family member who bears the qualities needed to be an everyday unsung hero. My Mom Shehnaz Soni is an everyday, unsung hero because she hasRead MoreMark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesthat begins in apartheid South Africa. Being under control of the whites, he witnesses violence, feels pain and suffers hunger with his family. However he overcomes the hardships and goes to college in America. Mathabane as a child is reluctant to go to school although his mother forces him to go but he earns rewards through education in school and tennis. His family is his aid that helps in his journey and sufferings in South Africa. He almost quits school when his friends in his neighborhood put a

Examples in “The Brutal Business of Boxing” Free Essays

â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing† written by author John Head, uses all three forms of examples: the extended example, the sentence length example, and the single example. The extended example lies in the form of the entire essay. The entire essay is a description of one person is specific, where physical and personality characteristics are developed paragraph by paragraph. We will write a custom essay sample on Examples in â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to the fact that the descriptions are centered on one person, this is an extended example. However, sentence length examples are included in every paragraph. Every paragraph in the essay is quite short and centers on providing information around the central topic of the essay, Muhammad Ali. The author uses single examples most often in the essay. Some examples of this are: â€Å"confident, articulate, charismatic† (par. 2); â€Å"lightning quick jabs† (par. 4); and â€Å"slow shuffle† (par. 6). These single examples highlight the character traits that the author would like the reader to envision. â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing† uses all three types of examples throughout the essay to develop it. The entire essay is an extended example; each paragraph contains sentence level examples, and each sentence contains colorful single examples. The essay is a wonderful and multi leveled model of an example essay. Reference Head, John. â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing. † Found in Wordsmith:A Guide to Writing. 3rd ed. by Pamela Arlov. Prentice Hall: NJ. 2006. p. 589-90. How to cite Examples in â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing†, Papers

The Aztecs Essays (1197 words) - Aztec Gods, Aztec, Tenochtitlan

The Aztecs The Aztec Empire History The center of the Aztec civilization was the Valley of Mexico, a huge, oval basin about 7,500 feet above sea level. The Aztecs were formed after the Toltec civilization occurred when hundreds of civilians came towards Lake Texcoco. In the swamplands there was only one piece of land to farm on and it was totally surrounded by more marshes. The Aztec families somehow converted these disadvantages to a mighty empire known as the Aztec Empire. People say the empire was partially formed by a deeply believed legend. As the legend went, it said that Aztec people would create an empire in a swampy place where they would see an eagle eating a snake, while perched on a cactus, which was growing out of a rock in the swamplands. This is what priests claimed they saw when entering the new land. By the year 1325 their capital city was finished. They called it Tenochtitlan. In the capital city, aqueducts were constructed, bridges were built, and chinapas were made. Chinapas were little islands formed by pilled up mud. On these chinapas Aztecs grew their food. The Aztec Empire included many cities and towns, especially in the Valley of Mexico. The early settlers built log rafts, then covered them with mud and planted seeds to create roots and develop more solid land for building homes in this marshy land. Canals were also cut out through the marsh so that a typical Aztec home had its back to a canal with a canoe tied at the door. In the early 1400s, Tenochtitlan joined with Texcoco and Tlacopan, two other major cities in the Valley of Mexico. Tenochtitlan became the most powerful member of the alliance. Montezuma I ruled from 1440 to 1469 and conquered large areas to the east and to the south. Montezuma's successors expanded the empire until it extended between what is now Guatemala and the Mexican State of San Luis Potosi. Montezuma II became emperor in 1502 when the Aztec Empire was at the height of its power. In 1519, the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes landed on the East Coast of Mexico and marched inland to Tenochtitlan. The Spaniards were joined by many of the Indians who were conquered and forced to pay high taxes to the emperor. Montezuma did not oppose Cortes because he thought that he was the God Quetzalcoatl. An Aztec legend said that Quetzalcoatl was driven away by another rival god and had sailed across the sea and would return some day. His return was predicted to come in the year Ce Acatl on the Aztec Calendar. This corresponded to the year 1519. Due to this prediction, Montezuma II thought Quetzalcoatl had returned when Cortes and his troops invaded. He did not resist and was taken prisoner by Cortes and his troops. In 1520, the Aztecs rebelled and drove the Spaniards from Tenochtitlan, but Montezuma II was killed in the battle. Cortes reorganized his troops and resurged into the city. Montezuma's successor, Cuauhtemoc, surrendered in August of 1520. The Spaniards, being strong Christians, felt it was their duty to wipe out the temples and all other traces of the Aztec religion. They destroyed Tenochtitlan and built Mexico City on the ruins. However, archaeologists have excavated a few sites and have uncovered many remnants of this society. Language: The Aztec spoke a language called Nahuatl (pronounced NAH waht l). It belongs to a large group of Indian languages, which also include the languages spoken by the Comanche, Pima, Shoshone and other tribes of western North America. The Aztec used pictographs to communicate through writing. Some of the pictures symbolized ideas and others represented the sounds of the syllables. Food: The principal food of the Aztec was a thin cornmeal pancake called a tlaxcalli. (In Spanish, it is called a tortilla.) They used the tlaxcallis to scoop up foods while they ate or they wrapped the foods in the tlaxcalli to form what is now known as a taco. They hunted for most of the meat in their diet and the chief game animals were deer, rabbits, ducks and geese. The only animals they raised for meat were turkeys, rabbits, and dogs. Arts and Crafts: The Aztec sculptures, which adorned their temples and other buildings, were among the most elaborate in all of the Americas. Their purpose was to please the gods and they attempted to do that in everything they did. Many of the sculptures reflected their perception of their gods and how they interacted in their lives. The most famous surviving Aztec sculpture is the